Camille Papin Tissot
Camille Papin Tissot (15 October 1868 – 2 October 1917), was a pioneer of wireless telegraphy and established the first French operational radio connections at sea.
Life
Origins
Tissot's father, Pierre Tissot, was born in Vauvert in Gard in 1823, and worked as a mechanic in the French Navy. His mother, Adeline Alexandrine Gérardin was born in Brest in 1831. They married on 3 November 1866.
On 9 April 1867, the first male child of the Tissot couple was born, but died suddenly two years later. Camille Papin Tissot was their second child, born on 15 October 1868. Their third child, Esther Adèle Tissot, was born on April 1, 1872. The two surviving children, Camille and Esther, were primarily raised by their mother, as their father was often at sea.
Naval career
Recommended by his father, Camille Tissot entered the naval college at Brest in 1884 when he was 16 years old. He learned navigation on the school ship Le Borda[1] until 1886, and was then posted to the port of Brest. In the first years of his career in the navy, he was successively posted to various school ships and warships, finally on the cruiser "Coetlogon". He then turned to shore duty as of January 23, 1891. He agreed to temporarily occupy one of the teaching positions in physics and chemistry of the naval school, made vacant by the absence of its holder. He stayed on for 21 years as professor in École Navale. The passion of sciences having been transmitted him by his father, he obtained the ranks of Bachelor of the Physical sciences and laid off Mathematical Sciences during its active service. It was as professor in École Navale that he became devoted to the study of the electric oscillations and their application in the maritime field.
Tissot acquired ranks during his various assignments:
- August 1, 1886: Aspirant of second class,
- October 5, 1887: Aspirant of first class,
- October 5, 1889: Enseigne de vaisseau,
- August 22, 1896: Lieutenant de vaisseau,
- April 19, 1912: Capitaine de frégate,
This last promotion is exceptional for a sailor who practically never sailed, and it was due to the importance of the work undertaken by Tissot for the Navy.
Marriage
In 1894 Camille Tissot met and married Jeanne Emma Stapfer, a 20 year old woman of an Alsacienne family who moved to Brest in 1870. He nominally converted to the Catholic religion at the request of his father-in-law, although his own beliefs were socialist and atheist. Among the guests at his wedding were Albert Turpain and Marcel Cachin, very committed member of Parliament and future founder of French Communist Party in 1920. They had one daughter (Camille).
Work
- As of the year 1896, whereas work of Lodge and of Marconi concerning wireless telegraphy still is known very little, Tissot takes again the theories of Hertz and the experiments of Branly and Popov to continue, on "BORDERED", of parallel and independent research. It builds itself its material of radio with the assistance of E. Branly and of the manufacturer Eugene Ducretet for whom it will develop apparatuses.
- The August 3, 1898, in the presence of the Minister for the Navy, it establishes the first radio connection operational French at sea: 800 meters between "BORDERED" and the semaphore of the Park to the Dukes with Brest. Convinced, the Minister prescribes on August 6 with the wearing of Brest, to finance in Tissot the purchase of material to allow him to continue his tests.
- With these apparatuses, Camille Tissot goes up in 1899 a large trial run and ensures of the communications by Hertzian waves, initially between various points of the roads of Brest and the church Saint Martin, then to the island Vierge (Plouguerneau) and Stiff (Ushant).
- In 1898 also, it establishes the radio operator contact between the island of Ouessant and it unintermitting, creating, in fact, the first station of radio which was installed in France. This station will become Ushant radio station, indicative FFU (station French Fixe of Ushant), active until in 1943 then moved with Le Conquet after the war.
- In 1899, Tissot publishes in the bulletin of work of the officers a report/ratio of a remarkable historical interest, in which it describes its work and experiments through the roads of Brest. It issues reserves, on several occasions, on the quality of certain work of Marconi. With l`époque of the writing of this report/ratio, his radio set as an operational means of communication 18 months do not even have…
- In 1900, Tissot equips the French Navy with its first radio apparatus.[2]
- In 1902, the station Ushant TSF with a radio operator receiver with coherer and an arc transmitter with two balls. This station with a range radio telegraphy of 80 kilometers with a fleet of 14 ships at sea and with Brest, France.
- From 1905, Tissot makes very thorough studies on the detection of the radio operator signals. The files of Tissot and its books of experiments let think that it is that which pushed further the tests in this field in France.
- In 1907, following these tests, Tissot shows the possibility of using it radio to transmit a time signal and to regulate the stop watches of the ships at sea.
- It seizes the January 22, 1908, it Bureau des Longitudes of a proposal for a creation of the daily service of emission of these signals since Eiffel Tower. This office proceeds to the installation of this service as from May 23, 1910. This system will be then extended to the transmission of longitudes.
- In 1907, Tissot conceives, with F Pellin, one receptor with crystal without tiresome adjustment to receive these signals aboard tradind ships.
- In 1911, its technical expertise is required by a committee of French industrialists carried out by E Girardeau, during the series of lawsuits which oppose Marconi and the French industry of the radioelectric TSF:la French company and the radioelectric general company. With the occasion of these lawsuits, Tissot and Férrié will in particular seek to show certain faults of patent 77777 of Marconi, but also the anteriority of experiments of certain French scientists, like Eugene Ducretet. Marconi gains the lawsuit in first authority against the sfr and the cgr, but this decision of court which gave the right to marconi to require the replacement of the French material by material of the wireless company, will never be applied in France. Since in 1914, Marconi sees itself débouté definitively of his request.
- During the war, Tissot makes several stays with Bizerte, to equip out of radio with cargos coal used by the army, and works at the same time on the listening of the noises radiated by underwater in the sea.
- The Commander Tissot dies brutally in October 1917, of disease.
Other
- Several publications and works describe work of Camille Tissot:
- It is in Camille Tissot that returns the merit of the first achievements which were made in our marine, and its name must be placed beside those of Gustave-Auguste Ferrié and of André Blondel, as well as that of Rene Mesny, later come in same research, the list of the French scientists who created it TSF in France its untimely death was a very great loss for our country and science. Eugene Giboin[3].
- Mr. Tissot was not satisfied to make, about the phenomena blamed in TSF, of the systematic studies which are much the most complete which was made touching this interesting application of the electric waves: he still equipped our squadrons of a whole material with best studied which allowed them little by little, and that as of 1898, to increase the range of the communications. Today in 1909 all the warships provided with the devices studied by Mr. Tissot can communicate to 300 km. In 1906, the battleship "Bruix" could even communicate with Port Vendres, at a distance of 500 km. Albert Turpain[4].
Work
He wrote three detailed works:
- (French) Mémoire de thèse de Doctorat sur la résonance des antennes (1905). Memory of thesis of Doctorate on the resonance of the antennas.
- (French) Traité sur les oscillations électriques (1906) Treaty on the electric oscillations.
- (French) Manuel de TSF théorique et pratique (1912), Handbook of theoretical and practical TSF (1912), republished until 1932 (6th edition).
- (French) books written by Camille Tissot.
He is also the author of many articles of popularization of radio in international scientific reviews, and will give very many conferences on the subject. Although not a member, he intervenes regularly in front of the Academy of the sciences [5]. He received several prizes and rewards of the Academy.
See also
References
- ^ Le Borda ex - Valmy (1864-1890)
- ^ Donald Monroe McNicol , Radio's conquest of space: the experimental rise in radio communication Taylor & Francis, 1946 pages 46 and 113
- ^ the development of the TSF in the national Navy of 1897 to 1939 (Academy of Navy - 1951)
- ^ Manual of wireless telegraphy - 1909
- ^ ' ' On the use of sensitive detectors of electric oscillations based on the phenomena thermo-électriques' ', presented in front of the Academy of Science the 6juillet 1908
External links
Further reading
- Commandant Camille Tissot , Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers Feb. 1918 Vol. 6 , Issue 1, page 4 ISSN : 0731-5996
Digital Object Identifier : 10.1109/JRPROC.1918.217352
| Persondata |
| Name |
Tissot, Camille Papin |
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| Date of birth |
15 October 1868 |
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| Date of death |
2 October 1917 |
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